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Get in touch with your attorney right away. If your back taxes met the guidelines, then I don't see how the IRS could step in, but your attorney is the person to speak to immediately.
My concern with your statement is this: You said you filed your tax return after Bk. Normally you would have had to have the tax return filed 2 years prior to your Bk. If you filed 2013 taxes than they would not be eligible for discharge. However, it is possible that the trustee would have taken the tax refund. Clarify with your attorney as to which taxes were discharged and which were not.
In order to discharge income tax debt it must meet certain criteria. To see the criteria, read this link below.
http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/bankruptcy-tax-debts-eliminating-29550.html
You might want to pull up your Bk filing and discharge file with PACER.gov so you have everything in front of you before you contact your attorney.
You actually had an attorney that did NOT require a cash payment up front? Thats unusual...
Edit - just noticed you did a Ch 13.... Thats probably the diff. I know virtually all Ch 7 attorneys require up front payment.