@wmarat wrote:
Can you in simple terms explain me the idea of 401(k) and how it works. Thanks
A 401(k) is a retirement savings plan offered through your employer. If you work for a non-profit like a university or hospital, it might be a 403(b). Federal employees and the military have the TSP (Thrift Savings Plan.) The numbers are from the sections of the federal tax code that set up the process.
Essentially, you deduct a portion of your earned income and direct it into various investment and savings vehicles, including mutual funds, annuities, and so forth. This diverted income is not taxed, although social security and Medicare is still withheld. Most employers match up to a certain percentage of your withheld money, which gives you free extra money to invest. For instance, my employer gives me 1% of my gross income immediately, and then for each 1% that I put in, they match by 1/2%, up to a total of 5%, I think it is. So if I put in 10%, it winds up being 16%, including employer contributions.
All of this money, plus the earnings on it, grow tax-free. Except under special circumstances, it is not withdrawn until age 59 1/2 at the earliest, at which point you start paying taxes at whatever your rate is then.
No matter how much mac-and-cheese and tuna casseroles one has to eat, everyone's goal should be to fund their 401K to the point where they get every penny of matching money from their employer. Otherwise, you're just walking away, leaving money lying on the ground.
You're eligible to contribute up to $15K/ year, plus another $5K if you're over age 50. (And you can save more in other investment products like IRA's as well.) And start young!!! If only, if only, if only. I chose to stay at home with my kids when they were young, and I'm glad I did, but that's why I'm working two jobs at age 53.
I haven't read through this, but it looks like a useful intro:
http://money.howstuffworks.com/401k.htm
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