Jenkins... first, from all of us, thank you for your service to our country.
Second, the bank can actually reverse your "charge-off" status immediately if you find the right person to work with. Be diligent, do some research, and find out the name of the president of that bank. Then find a way to call him/her and that's where it could get tricky. If it's a large bank they'll likely have layers and layers of people in place to try and KEEP you from reaching the bank president, but you can still do it.
If it's a small bank, you'll probably have greater luck. And when you DO reach this person, be courteous and explain your situation, and furthermore, explain that you need the charge-off status reversed. It's fairly plain to see that there was simply a time lapse and that you had every intention of paying this debt, which you did in fact pay.
You should be just fine. Now about your wife overdrawing that account...