No credit card required
Browse credit cards from a variety of issuers to see if there's a better card for you.
It def is hurting your score. Charge offs are a derogatory mark that hurts your score bigtime.
If the insurance company paid off the lender in full, I'd call them and ask for the date of when it happened. If it was before the charge off date then you'd have a case to argue with the lender. If not then I'd still call the lender and at least ask them to correctly report the account as closed but paid in full.
Open accounts that report as past due will continue to hurt you every month.
A charge-off is the moving of a delinquent debt from the receivable assets column of a business accounting ledger to a non-asset, bad debt column. If it is later shown that a debt was not, in fact, delinquent, then the charge-off was in error, and must be removed from the consumer's credit report.
Did the "mixup" ultimately reach the determination that the debt was never, in fact, delinquent, or only that it became delinquent, but was subsequently paid?