The FHA does not make loans itself - it guarantees loans made by other companies. So you still have to apply at a mortgage provider to get a mortgage, you're just going for a FHA backed mortgage, rather than a conventional (backed by Freddie or Fannie) or other type of mortgage.
As to the rest, my understanding is that you are pretty much correct. The FHA is not score dependent, but requires clean credit for the past year, no foreclosures for the past 3 years, any BK discharged at least 2 (I think) years, and no unpaid federal judgements (like unpaid student loans, tax liens, etc). Lenders, however, may have their own requirements on top of those, though it's likely you'll find some with no other requirements (since the FHA is backing the mortgage, thus removing risk from the lender).
Shane or one of the other experts can probably correct anything I missed.