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It seems odd that your score post-app would be the same as pre-app for the simple reason that the inquiry should snag a few points from you, especially on a profile such as yours.
40-50 points is a big change for a drop / regain. The only thing I can think of that could cause that is the addition/removal of a baddie, meaning that a baddie like a 30 day late payment was put on your report for a week or two (whatever this span of time was) and then the creditor removed it due to it being a mistake or something.
Part One: The Discover pre-qualification is know to be VERY unreliable.
Part Two: Don't know what would caused the disparity of scores (I'm assuming they are both FICO 8's?).
If you haven't already, try the Capital One prequalifier. It has a good reputation for being legit.
A CC utilization of 42% is actually high. You want yours to be < 9%.
You'll have much better luck applying for more credit cards if you pay off all your CC debt entirely (except for $10 on one card). Since it sounds like you have exactly two cards right now, that would be $10 on one and $0 on the other.
Then use debit cards for a while (no CC purchases). When you are sure that the new balances are appearing on all three credit reports, then apply for your next card.
Do you have an open installment loan? If not, we can suggest an easy way to get 30 more points.
Take a look here:
You need a credit mix (cards and loans) to get a better score. CreditGuyInDixie will give you more information.
That link that Newhis gave you will walk you through how to get a lot of points with an open installment loan that is mostly paid off. Gives you an overview, then an explanation for the scoring theory for why it works, then step by step instructions.
As far as your credit card balances, your goals should be to pay them all off. Completely. It sounds like you really want a fourth card, which is fine though you can have an extremely high score with just three. Since you want a fourth, you should make sure that two of the three cards are reporting $0 with one card reporting a small balance. AFTER all three cards are reporting the way you want, then you can apply for the 4th.
You also need to set up autopay for all your cards so that you will never EVER be late on a payment. Do you have any bad marks so far? (lates, chargeoffs, collections, judments, liens, anything like that?) If you have anything like that, we can hook you up with a community of people to help you.
If you have no derogs, here is the basic order in which I would tackle your stuff, if I were you.
(1) Pay off all your CC debt. Then use one card for small purchases. Keep your total utilization under 9% at all times. Keep most of your cards with a $0 balance. If a card has never been used even once, make sure you use it once.
(2) After paying off your CC debt, always be sure to pay your cards in full moving forward.
(3) Apply for the Alliant loan using the instructions in that link.
(4) After the loan is all set up and paid down (as per the guidance) you will see a bog boost from that.
(5) After that, you can apply for a fourth card if you want.
If you have derogs, then you will want a mentor or community to help you with those. You will see what progress you can make on those at the same time that you do 1-4. Hopefully you'll get some of them removed before you tackle applying for the fourth card (step 5).
I am not experienced with dealing with derogs but I can suggest some people here who can help.
Hope that is useful!
Very good advice above. Adding that loan to your profile and getting your utilization down as CGID suggested above together will get you out of the 500's into the 600's. With that add 6 months of gardening and you could see a mid-600's score with inquiries/accounts aging, AAoA growing, etc.